Leiset
khantou dung jui a telecommunication hi social leh economic lama machaalna a
manchah phatah a pang ahi. India jong leiset a telecommunication sector a
akhangtou pen lah a apang in, network let lam a 3 (thum) channa in aume. Telecom
towers ahiloule mobile towers hohi mobile communication a dinga poimotah ahi.
Phat ahung chen ahile, hiche mobile towers le mobile handsets ho a kona
Electro-magnetic field (EMF) Radiation in tahsa damtheina le hinhoina atong
khadem tihi mipi lunggel le ngaitona a pangkhat ahung hitai. Tuibong khosung
Khopi Veng seh seh a jong phat itih ham a pat in mobile towers hi 3 le 4 kinai
cha chan ahung kitung doh tan ahile akom avel a cheng ho dinga gelkham set khat
ahung hitai. Hitobang EMF to kimaito jing hin damtheina atoh khah-atoh khahlou
hi vannoi pumpi a kholthuhna neiho (research scientists) ho sung jenga jong
debate um jing ahi1. Hiche toh kilhon in adeh a khosungmi chule
alhangpi a thil umdan henom ho dingin mobile towers radiation thu phabep ana
vekhom ute.
Electro-magnetic radiation (EMR) :
Electro-magnetic
radiation (EMR) hi tha (energy) jat khat ahin mun khat a pat a mun chom a che
thei ahi. Electro-magnetic akiti dung jui in electric waves le magnetic energy
teni hi ong hom (space) a vah (light) speed a chekhom ahi. Eiho hi aumsa
(natural) radiation eg. Nisa, Keh-lha (lightning), etc chule mihem sem
(man-made) radiation eg. TV, Radio, Radar, etc to kimaito (exposed) jing ihiuve.
Radio waves in mobile phone le TV tobang manchah ho signal apoh ahi2.
EMF radiation hi 2 (ni) in akihom khene – (i) Ionizing radiation le (ii)
Non-Ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation in atoms or molecules ho a electrons
kikan khomho suhkehna tha anei in chule ions thah asem e, vetsahna, X-rays,
UV-rays, etc. Non-ionizing radiation vang atha hatbeh pon atoms or molecules ho
ionize abol joupoi, vetsahna, radiowaves, microwaves, etc.
2008 kum
chun India in mobile tower EMR toh kisai in International Commission on Non
Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guideline ana jui pan tai. India in
exposure limit akoi hi ICNIRP le WHO in recommend abol sang a 10 (som) vei lhom
jo a akoi chu ahinai3.
EMF
Radiation Norms for Mobile Towers (BTS) in India4
|
Frequency
|
ICNIRP
Radiation norms
|
Revised
DoT norms w.e.f 01.09.2012
|
|
900MHz
|
4.5
Watt/sq.m
|
0.45
Watt/sq.m
|
|
1800
MHz
|
9 Watt/
sq.m
|
0.9
Watt/sq.m
|
|
2100
MHz
|
10.5
Watt/sq.m
|
1.05
Watt/sq.m
|
1 India Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, Information paper on Effects of Electromagnetic Field Radiation from Mobile
Towers and Handsets, 30 July 2014.
2 India, Ministry of Communication & Information
Technology, Mobile Communication – Radio
Waves & Safety.3 India, Ministry of Communication & Information Technology, A Journey of EMF, 2016.
4 Effects of Mobile Radiation, Reference Note, Lok Sabha Secretariat, New Delhi, No. 15/RN/Ref./June/2016.
1st
September, 2013 a kon chun India a mobile handsets ho Specific Absorption Rate
(SAR) value 1.6 W/kg neibou sem phal chuleh gamdang a pat pohlut (import) phal
anahi e. MF
Radiation norms for Mobile Handsets in India
|
Frequency
(10 MHz to 10 GHz)
|
ICNIRP
SAR Limit
|
SAR
Limit in India
|
|
General
Public Exposure
|
2
Watt/KG (averaged over 10 gm tissue)
|
1.6
Watt/KG (averaged over 1 gm tissue)
|
Mobile
Tower radiations a pat mihem damtheina tongkha thei le umthei ho chu anoi a
bang hi ahi :
1. Nao-nei
cha-nei na lama boina.
2. Pasal
bo tui (sperms) sethei.3. Cha hinna lama lhahsamna chule cha le nao damtheina tongkha thei.
4. Glioma (malignant brain tumour) chule Acoustic Neuroma (Lhoh le Kuol kai mat nerve a tumour umthei).
5. Imut kisuhlouna, anneh tuidon chatvaina, anxiety le depression.
6. Immune system lhahsamna chule digestion kituplou.
7. Natna hit nan/dal na lama lhahsamna.
8. Lhoh a thisan che dan nohphah na.
9. Tahsa sunga DNA sesa ho kido kit nalama lhahsamna5.
India Government panlah dan :
Department
of Telecommunication (DoT) in 2008 a kon chun vannoi a thilsoh ho khothi
ngaigeh chan ahin vejing in chule EMF radiation a kona aphalou asona loudin
safety standards vekol jing pumin kal asong jinge. Chule EMF radiation chung
changa ICNIRP guidelines leh WHO recommendation ho vetoh pum in kigahna asem
jinge. Minphah thei ho chu –
(1) Inter-Ministerial
Committee (IMC) khat 24.08.2010 chun semdoh ahin mobile tower le mobile phones
a pat radiation effect thukhol ding ahiuve. IMC in recommend abol dung jui in
India in radiation exposure limit chu ICNIRP prescribe bol sanga vel 10 (som) a
nemjo a koi dinga limit sem ahung hitai.
(2) Allahabad
High Court in 10.01.2012 chun Committee khat asem in Indian Institute of
Technology (IIT) Kharagpur/Kanpur/Delhi/Roorkee/Bombay, All India Institute of
Medical Science (AIIMS), New Delhi chule Indian Council of Medical Research
(ICMR) Institutions ho jong member ahi. Hiche committee chun 17.01.2014 in
Report apelut in, hiche Committee Report dung jui chun Government in February
2014 chun EMF chung changa kigahna kikoi hochu hiche pet a ding chun apha nai
chule semphatbe ima angaipoi tin thulhuhna aneitai.
(3) DoT
in 01.08.2013 chun State government ho jouse koma mobile tower installation
clearance chung changa advisory guideline ana thot doh in ahi. Hiche guidelines
chun mun jouse tichu residential area ho jong ana hoptha ahitai.
(4) DoT
noi a um Telecommunication Engineering Center (TEC) in pilot project khat EMF
web portal toh kisai achepin hichu BTS towers ho EMR online database semdoh
ding ti ahi.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
5
India, Lok Sabha, Standing Committee on Information
Technology, 53rd Report on norms for the setting up of telecom
towers, its harmful effects and setting up of security standards in expansion
of telecom facilities, February 2014.
(5) Mobile
tower ho EMF radiation chung changa telecom service provider ho leh Base
Tranceiver Station (BTS) ho self-certificate phatah a audit bol dinga DoT noi a
um Telecom Enforcement Resource & Monitoring (TERM) nganse ahitai.
Koitobang BTS site in prescribed EMF norms ajui louleh Rs. 10 lakh penalty apeh
ding chuleh BTS site jong khapeh a umthei ahi.
(6) DoT
in informative guide ‘Mobile Communications – Radio Waves and Safety’ kiti khat
asodoh e. National le Regional newspapers ho a Mobile Towers leh mobile handsets
radiations ho toh kisai a kiven them angaidan advertisement abol jinge.
(7) Department
of Science and Technology (Government of India) noi a Science and Engineering
Research Board (SERB) chun Expert Committee/Task Force khat 4th
September 2013 chun anasem doh in Mobile tower le handsets ho a kona EMR in
mihem, gancha, thingna louna chule khovel chunga ipi alhut khum thei ham ti
kholgilna akipan tai.
Kholthuhna umho le kholai thu :
Mahatma
Gandhi University, Kochi (Kerala) a mobile tower radiation chung chang
kholthuhna (study) ana nei Premlal P.D. le Eldhose N.V. kholdoh dung jui in
hiche mobile tower radiation hi pasal ho sangin numei ho ding in aphamo joi ti ahi.
Chuleh, mobile tower ni (2) hi 300 meters beh a akikah/akigam lhat angai in
chule hiche 300 meters sung kol kah a vang umlou aphai, ti jong hi amani mudoh
dan chu ahi6.
Gwalior a
Harish Chandra Tiwari kum 42 a upa cancer patient khat in a cancer natna chu
anatohna koma BSNL tower a pat Electromagnetic Radiation chu angoh in Supreme
Court a aheh in ahile Supreme Court in hiche BSNL mobile phone tower chu akha
sah tai. Hiche mobile tower chu 2002 kum a kitung doh ahin anatohna mun chu 20
meters sunga um ahin, hitia kum 14 lang radiation expose ahinung a Hodgkin’s
lymphoma ahin neithu asei in ahi7.
Kushpal
Singh le atohkhompi hon study abolnao khat a mobile tower station koma cheng
hon imutmo, luchang nat, lungvai, hypertension le concentration problems chule
an duna chilput lhom tiho anei danu amudoh uve. Electromagnetic Field (EMF)
hatna a chengho alhangpi tahsa damtheina chule adeh a kam le ha asuh khah dan
thu asei uve8.
Mizoram
University a Pachuau & Pachuau in study abolna lhon khat a mobile tower
umna 50 meter kuol kah sunga cheng hon tahsa damtheina lampang’a 50 meter
polang a chengho sanga boina (complaint) anei tam joh danu asei lhone. Chuleh,
pasal ho sanga numei hon boina (complaint) ahao joh danu jong ahetbeh lhonne9.
University
of Craiova, Romania a Marisnescu leh Poparlan in akhol doh lhon chu ahile
mobile tower ho a radiation hung potna hi station antenna ho a pat ahidan chu
ahi. Hijeh hin amani mudan in, antenna umna to kimaito a um le umlou jong thil khoh
khat in asei lhone10.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
Premlal P.D. & Eldhose N.V., Mobile tower radiation – An Assessment of Radiation Level and its
Health Implications in the Residential Areas of
Western Ghats in Idukki, Kerala,
International Journal of Applied Engineering Research ISSN
0973-4562 Volume 12, Number 20 (2017) pp. 9548-9554.
7
Business Standard, April 12, 2017, In a first, SC orders BSNL to shut mobile
tower over cancer patient’s plea.
8 Kushpal Singh, Anup Nagaraj, Asif Yousuf, Shravani
Ganta, Sonia Pareek & Preeti Vishani, Effect
of electromagnetic radiations from mobile phone
base stations on general health and salivary function, Journal of International Society of Preventive &
Community Dentistry, 2016 Jan-Feb; 6(1);54-59.
9 Larinthara Pachuau, Zaithanzauva Pachuau, Study of Cell Tower Radiation and its Health
Hazards on human body, IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (ISOR-JAP), Volume 6, Issue 1 Ver. I
(Jan. 2014), pp 01-06.
10 Ioan Eustatiu, Claudiu
Poparlan, Assessment of GSM HF-Radiation
impact levels within the residential area of Craiova city, Procedia Environmental Sciences 32 (2016) 177-183.
National
Human Rights Commission (NHRC), New Delhi in residential area a mobile towers
in damtheina tongkhathei radiations apehdoh chung changa complaints umho jeh in
Ministry of Communications and Information Technology koma thudoh jong ana bol
in ahi11. Maharashtra state government in jong policy khat asodoh in
hiche a chun mobile towers le chenna (residences) ho kikah thima (safe
distance) aum angai dan leh radiation level vetjing (monitor) angai dan ajaove12.
Jaipur
khopi a Sanjay Kasliwal leh Pramod Kasliwal jong cancer avei lhonin a-in kom
uva cell-phone tower angoh lhone. Delhi a Uma Devi Luthra in aluchang nat jing,
ngong gui nat, imut mo tiho phathei louva aneijing hi a-in kom uva cell-phone
towers ho angoh in ahi. Mumbai a Smita Agarwal jong cancer anatna chule a veng
hou phat phasah a kon adammo jing uhi mobile towers ho radiation jeh ahi tin
agel uve13.
Alangkhat
a, American Cancer Society ngaidan chu ahile mobile tower radiations in cancer
aumsah thei e tihi tuchan in evidence seithei aumbehpoi, ti ahikit e14.
WHO noi a um International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in vang
cellphone handsets leh towers ho a kona radiation hi mihem ho dinga cancer
sosah thei (carcinogenic) ahin, adeh a glioma – brain cancer jat khat, aumsah
thei ahi tin asei e13 & 5.
Ngaito dinga pha ho :
Mobile
phone chule adeh a mobile /cellphone towers ahiloule base stations a kona hung
pot Electromagnetic radiation (EMR)/Radio Frequency (RF) hi semtil a ana um
vang ahipon mihem ten akisem doh thu thilkhat ahi. India sung le leiset kol
kimvel a pat in hiche radiation a kon natna aumdan, natna hung umding ham tia
kichatna, lhangpi damtheina atongkha e tia thu kisei leh kiven them lou akhoh
dan hohi aha gin lheh tan ahi. Gamsung government in jong hiche tobang
radiation hin cancer ahilouleh natna dang dang aumsah thei ahi tihi phot chenna
bei ahi tihi apanna chu ahi. Government in aseibe chu ahile radiation hohi aum
in hinla damthei tongkha thei chana aso louna dinga limit phatecha kisem ahi ti
ahikit e. Alang khat a, changval (independent) research le study ho ivetle
mihem damtheina goh hilou natna khoh tah cancer jong asosah thei e tin akisei
kit e. Hiche ho lah a agency khat, tichu, WHO noi a um International Agency for
Research on Cancer (IARC) in cellphone handsets leh towers ho a kona radiation
hi mihem ho dinga cancer asosah thei (carcinogenic) ahin, adeh a glioma (brain cancer chi khat) aumsah
thei ahi, atihi moh kihetmo sah thei vang ahipoi.
Thukhat a
chu, ase sosah thei thil ahilou le chun government in jong chubang tah a
exposure limit le standard ho chu akoi a avelvet jing ngaikhel lou maithei ahi.
Hetkhen ding khat chu, mobile ahiloule cellphone a radiation um sanga
mobile/cellphone tower ahiloule base station le antenna a kona radiation kichat
aumjoh dan hi ahi. Hiche jeh tah hin, residential area tichu khosung-vengsung a
mobile tower aum kiti hi damtheina atoh khah a chule cancer tobang natna aumsah
thei lou diham tihi gellou thei ahipoi. Khat le ni aum thuchom hitale mobile
tower 3 (thum) le 4 (li) kinai cha cha a kitung kitihi akom avel a cheng ho din
vang radiation exposure sang lheh intin damtheina tongkha lheh inte, tihi
gellou thei ahipoi. Mopohna nei hon government in guideline asem dung jui a
radiation-emission level leh limit ho asuh bulhit jing hinam tiho beh hi vetsui
jing in aphai.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
11 Neeraj Chauhan, Mobile radiation : NHRC issues notice to
telecom ministry, The Times of India, June 3, 2016.
12 State government policy stipulates safe distance between towers and
residences, and monitoring of radiation levels, The Hindu December 02, 2016.
13 Is mobile phone tower radiation a health hazard?, Hindustan Times,
July 16, 2012.
14 (/Cancer/acs-medical-content-and
news-staff.html).
No comments:
Post a Comment