Self-Esteem : Attitudes toward Ourselves

Suongmantam Dictionary chun ‘Self-Esteem’ kiti thucheng hi ‘ama le ama kijapina’ tin ana ledoh e. Hiti chu hilouva, mihem khat ama le ama akigel dan/akimu dan pa joh chu kiseina hung hijo ding dan ahi. Mihem khat ama le ama mitmua pha akisah dan/phamo akisah dan, sangtah ahilou le niemtah jong himaithei; alhangpia ama le ama akimu dan/akigel dan pa chu ‘Self-Esteem’ tin akiseiye. Attitude akiti tengle mihem khat in midang/thildang chunga amudan/alungel dan pa chu kiseina ahin; Self-Esteem akiti tah tenga ahile ama le ama tahngel ipi tobang mi a akigel pa chu kiseina ahikitne. Self-Esteem hi polanga mutheiya kilang hihen lang asunga langa muthei louva kinei hijong le tethei (measure) in akiseiye. Self-Esteem tena (measure) a kiha manpen method chu Rosenberg Scale tin akihei. [1]

Mihem hinkho a thil soh ho (life events) leh self-esteem hi akimatna aumin ahi. Bidoi (goals) poimo tah tah ho a lolhinna ahung umteng self-esteem akhang jin, amavang lolhin lelna aumteng chomkhat (temporarily) din akhesuh kit ji e. Tekahna in, mi khat chun angaisang tah thilkhat ahilou le atup khat aphah jou jeplou teng, self-esteem alhasuh ji e. Hiche hi Eisenstadt le Leippe (1994) in athil khuolna lhona amudoh lhon khat chu ahi. Min eihin chuombol, eiki hetmo sah, hetkham loua kithetna, etc ho jong hin mikhat self-esteem chu asuhniem peh thei ahi. Hitobang hi internet chat rooms, online chat le social network sites ho ajong umthei ahi tin Williams (2001) in ana khuol doh e.

Mi abang khat in self-esteem sangtah anei in, mi abang khat in self-esteem niemcha aneiye. Mi khat chu a self-esteem asaan anep ihetnom le thu umdan (statements) doh a ama dinga dih ham dihlou ham vet ding ahi. Chapang khat bang chu, ‘Kei homework bol kathemme’ ahiloule ‘Kaloihon eingai thei uve’ tiho gah doh a, ama dinmun toh kitoh nam kitoh lou ham, vetding ahi. Hitia akidoh tengleh, thu umdan (statement) ho chu dih asah a ahile, ama self-esteem chu ‘adihpoi’ ti chapang dangho sanga sang jo tina ahi jenge.[2] Khuolna neiho seidan in, chapang kum 6 a pat 7 sunga hi, self-esteem jat 4 (four areas) umdan ahitai. Hiche ho chu ahile : academic competence (lekhasimna), social competence (society a), athletic competence (kichep golseh) chule physical appearance (melput dan).

Self-esteem hi niseh umchan (behaviour) toh kijopmatna aneiye. Academic self-esteem sangtah nei chapang chu school (alekhasimna) a alhom nei ho sangin abolhoi jep teiye. Chapang social self-esteem sang nei jong chu akibahpi aloi le guol lah a anei lhom ho sangin alhathei jo in ahi.  Alangkhatna, self-esteem nemcha nei chapang ho chu lungkhamna (anxiety), depression (kingaisetna) chule khansetna (anti-social behaviour) ho aumdan achondan uva ahin tahlang ji taove. Ahin, mikhat self-esteem hi amoh saan val jongle apha dehpoi tin akiseiye. Ajehchu, mikhat self-esteem chu asaan val tengle michunga um danin (superiority complex) kigelna aum nome. Hiteng chule, achang kiletsahna (pride) aven (defend) got nalamin thilphalou jong asoda jipoi. Self-esteem sang tah nei mi chun thilkhat chu ama chan dinga lomin ana kigel ji e (sense of entitlement). Kivaipoh nan achan dinga agel khat chu achansah lou teng, achunga thildih lou kibol danin alajin, chutengleh kinahna/ki-engbolna/lamdih lou mangchan mi alethuh ji tai.[3]

Self-Esteem le Numei :

George Herbert Mead (1931) chun ivel-ikoma (environment) idinga poimo (important others) hon eimu dan in eima self-esteem chunga tha (effect) aneiye tin ana seiye. Alhangpia, pasal dinmun sanga numei dinmun anepjoh jeh chun, hiche hin ichana self-esteem atoh khah ham tichu hetnom khat ana hijinge. Williams le Best (1990) chun hiche thu a gam 14 (14 nations study) ana khuol lhone. India le Malaysia gam tobang, numei ho insunga kikhumna gamho a, numeiho self-esteem aniemdan (negative concept) ana mudoh lhone. Numei le pasal kikhen beh louna, England le Finland gama, numei ho pasal toh kibanga akigelnao jong ahedoh kit lhone. Numei jong natonga (labour force) apana gamho a numei ho self-esteem asangin, natonga (labour force) a apanlou nao gam hoa self-esteem anem’e. Neocha ahivangin het thei khop in numei le pasal self-esteem (gender-based)kikhetna aume.[1]

Criticism & Self-Esteem :

Mihem chu khatvei vei ei le ei jong aki ki oimo ji e (self-criticism). Cheti louvin jong, ingailut iloi le guol, tohkhompi, insungmi chule ichunga ho (superiors/bosses) a konin oimona/seiphat louna (criticism) akimu ji e. Hiche phat le chun, isunga awgin neo cha ging chun bolkhel kisihna le kichang oimona ahin lhut jin ahi. Hitobang aum phat le chun, ol-olin eima self-esteem chu athoh in ana pangjin akhesuh suh jeng ji tan ahi. Ithil bolkhat ahoi louna kisei (criticism) kitihi hi aumjing mong ahi. Kidem/ki oimo kiti hi jalai kihouna (social communication) khat jong ahikitne. Kidem/Ki oimo kiti hi thoh hah lheh jongle alah dan thep ngai ahi. Aphalam tah a kilah a eima khantouna dinga jong manthei ahi.[4]

Parenting & Self –Esteem :

Self-esteem hi nu le pa in eina khou khah dan in jong apoh danin akiseiye. Anu le apa in ana huh behseh (overprotective) golhang chapang ho chu asunga self-esteem niem in akiseiye. Amavang, akhandoh laiya (teenage) anu le apa in tahsan tah a ana khou khah chapang ho chu ama le ama akigelna (self-esteem) sang jo in akimu doh e. Chule, chapang in ngaicha khoh beh hih jong le, anu le apa in thulhuh asempeh ji ham ahiloule athulhuh semna a akithopi jing leh, hitobang chapang chu ama le ama kigel niemna khat akichinden ji tai (low self-esteem).[2]

Khumkhana :

Self-Esteem sanga Self-respect inei joh leh mihem lunggel a chamna aumjoi tia seijong aume. Self-esteem hi eima kikholna (evaluate) ahin, self-respect vang ihina kihet puma hinkho man chu ahi, tin akiseiye. Ihatna le imitmona kihet (accept) puma hing akihi jeh in self-respect neihi lungthim nopna hijo danin aksieiye.[5] Self-esteem jong hi nom le da le mihem sunga um khat ahin, pelthei ahipoi. Thil aval behseh ahoi aumlou bangin self-esteem jong hi asaan val jong le aniem val jong le phadeh lou danin akimui. Eima khantouna kham bepma positive self-esteem nei ding hi thilpha hinte. Eima le eima kigel niem beh lou ding, gel jong kigel sang beh seh lou ding ahi dan mudoh in aume. Hichu lungthim kicholna le mimal khantou-machalna thei lampi joh hung hinte.

References :

[1].  Robert A. Baron, Nyla R. Branscombe, Donn Byrne & Gopa Bhardwaj. Social Psychology. Twelfth Edition (2009) Pearson.

[2].  Psychology. Class-XII. National Council of Educational Training and Research (2007).

[3].  Steven Stosny. Anger in the Age of Entitlement. Psychology Today. Published on June 25, 2014.

[4].  Susan Krauss Whitbourne. Fulfillment in any Age. Psychology Today. Published on May 24, 2014.

[5].  Ellen J. Langer. Self-Esteem vs. Self-Respect. Psychology Today. Published on November 01, 1999. 

A-40 Le Thusim Dang Ho

Hisar a M.Sc. kachai jouvin Delhi kahung lhunge. Chomkhat Arjun Nagar a kaum jouvin Patel Chest a kahung kichuon lutne. Hiche lai chun DU Prayer Cell kikhopna jong A-40 a ana umjin ahi. Hiche laitah a A-40 ana umho chu ahile Lhunkhothang Guite, Kaiminlun Haokip, Nehkholien Haokip le Letthenlal Haokip ana hiuve. U Thangpu le Nehlien in adalhah lhon phat in Keijong B-40 a konin A-40 a kakilhoh lut in kaloipa Kaiminlun le Lalboi toh kahung umkhom taove. Kaiminlun in natoh amu a achedoh phatnin Thangneo Khongsai toh kahung umkhom kit taove. 2004 le 2005 kum phat lai thusim ahi. DU Prayer Cell in Saturday nilhah seh leh A-40 a kikhopna ana manji ahi. Mi jong ana tambeh hih lai in atamni le 30-40 tiho ana phaji e.

Member ana lhomna bana numei alhom cheh kit in ahi. Hiche lai a numei member ana umho chu Chongpi Tuboi, Lhingjakim Haokip, Chongnu Hangshing le Grace Chongloi ahiuve. Hudson Line PG a umjong ana umin ahin ana kikhom beh ji pouve. Chomkhat jouvin Chongboi Chongthu in ahin belap uve. Pasal vang chu ana phachom thounai. Kaum sung chun Prayer Cell lamkai chu Helun Haokip le Chongnu Hangshing ana hile akilome. 2006 Kumbul vela chu Cell Leader dinga Kikim toh eina kilhengdoh danin kahen amavang Hamdard Study Circle kalut phatna kapanthei lou hile akilome. 2005 kum chun Nehlen le Muan Zou hapana jalin DU Prayer Cell Song Book masapen ana kisemdoh e.

Prayer Cell kikhopdi nileh A-40 a chun social work neokhat beh ana umtei ji e. Inn chu akisutheng jin, lekhabu ho akikoi tup in, lupna ho jong akihetup ji e. Light, Fan le Cooler ho jong asetle ana kisem phatei in ahi. Insung chu ahoina thei pen in akiumsah jin mi atamtou theina dingin pheh (Mat) jong akipha ji e. Thusei lasah jong ana noplheh in kahe nalaiye. Metro/Bus Service ana umlou lai jeh chun Sunday KWS kikhopna jong mi ana chejou beh jipoi. DU area a umho chu Hope for the Nations Chruch, EU, etc ho lah a kikhop akinganse na jong atame. Prayer Cell kikhop joule cha ham theitui ham akidon khom jin choh thet in ana kiki houlim ji e. Hiche lai a cell phone nei jong Grace le Letthenlal  bou hoita in kamel chih in adang ana umjong le kahechen tapoi.

Chomkhat jouvin Prayer Cell kikhopna jong chon le le dingin ahung kiphatsah tai. Patel Chest-Vijay Nagar-Malka Ganj-Gita Colony area inlen jep jepma ahung kiki khom pantai. 2004 Advent Christmas chu A-40  a kimang ahin 2005 Advent Christmas vang chu Vijay Nagar a Kikim te inna akimang tai. Ken kadalhah nungin mi ahung tam cheh cheh dung juiyin Patel Chest Hou Inn abana DU Park a kikhopna ana kipan tai. 2008 a Delhi kadalhah masang chan chun DU Prayer Cell machal le khantou thubou ana kijaji e. Membership jong simlai atamjo ahijeh in kimanchah jong anop lheh ding tahsan aumin lunggel pha athah thah jong akipohlut jing ding kaging chai. Ningkum chun Mimin (alha nomin kichol hen) in Song Book ding thu eihin hetsah in ahi. Tukum Delhi kahung chun Vahboi/Thethem in Song Book copy khat eipen kakipah e.

Kum 10 lhinna iman diu ahitai. A-40 phat lai a konin lam saopi ihin jot taove. Mabaan jong ihung kalson toupeh diu ahi. DU Prayer Cell Pathen umpina chang jing ta hen.

 

[This article was publised in Decadal Celebration Souvenir of Delhi University Prayer Cell of Kuki Worship Service, Delhi,  2003-2013]

Lungchin : Asem Hoina Thei Phabep (Memory : Some Ways To Improve)

“The advantage of bad memory is that one enjoys several times, the same good things for the first time.”
                                                                                                         ~  Friedrich Nietzche

       Aphat dung jui, amun le amuol dung juiya ingaichat thil/thu le la (information) geldohthei/nungkouthei napa hi memory (lungchin) tin akihei [1]. Lungchin (memory) hi thupi (subject) lentah ahin hijongle lut thuh louvin simlai chapang ho manchah thei kham bou sei ute. Ihet lou vang uva lekhasim hon isim jing lai uva khonung themvet (examination) teng geldoh bailam nading ijat ham khat jong inabol jiu ahitai. Lungchin (memory) chung changa jilthuhna neimi (academic/scholar) jong kahipoi. Civil Services Examination kakigot lai a chu Psychology hi ka subject (optional) khat anahi e. Hitia kana sim jing lai chun simmun ho chu hetna pha tampi chule eima mimal chung tah a manchah (apply) thei atam dan kana mudoh e. Eima le eima chungthu kikisim tobang jong ahe. Hiche ho lah a chun ‘Lungchin (Memory)’ le ‘Jilna/Hetna (Learning)’ thu umho chu sim thanop um kanasai. Sim’a hetna phachuom le thanop (interesting) kasah ho phabep ka tahlang (share) nome.

Elaborate Rehearsal/Processing :

Thil khat (na thilsim) chingsot inge hesot inge itile hiche information chu long term memory a hetlut angaije. Hiche long term memory a koilutna dinga chu athu (information) chu phatea gel masat ngai ahi. Athu chu igel phat le achung chang thudoh (question) bol angai in, akoudoh (meaning) ipi ham geltoh angai in chule amasa a nathil hetsa hotoh akimatna (relationship) jong vetkah angaije. Hiche hi ‘elaboration or deep processing’ tin jong akihei. Thuh tah a thilkhat melchih sotna dinga pan kila (process kibol) tina ahi. Hitia hi ibol teng, ithil sim (information) chu ana umsa hetna (knowledge) toh hung kigom tantin, khonung ingai chat phat le geldoh/nungkou bailam ding ahi. [2]

Careful Attention :

Ichin nom thil khat (information) chu limgeh cha (consciously) ivet loule long term memory a sol lut hah lheh ding ahi. Lekha sot tah tah sima asimsa ching thei lou hethei lou kiti hi athilsim chunga limgeh cha avetlou jeh (lack of conscious attention) himai thei ahi. Hijeh a hi lolhinna neihon ‘pung ijat lekha nasim chu athupi beh pon, apung sunga ijat nasim doh em tichu athupi joi’ tia aseilo jiu ahi. Hijeh a chu ilekhasim ihetsot nom le isim petna lunglut tah a vet (attention) peh angaije. Mihem lunglutna (attention) peh thei sung hi asot jou jipon amavang ikiham bol jepma attention pehna dinga pan ilah le khonunga tha le phat tampi hung ol (save) ding ahi. Eiho hetbai pen dinga chu lekha sim phat le ‘concentration’ nei apoimo lheh e tina ahi.

Minimize Interference :

Thil hai bailam napen chu ithilsim ho ahung kipel to sao sao khu ahi. Ipi dinga kipel to sao sao ham itile athu akibah thim jeh ahi nome. Subject/Topic akibang heo hou ihin simkhom phat le khat le khat kipel to (interfere) jia kichen tah a kigeldoh thei jilou ahitai. Chejeh a hi hetna neihon subject/topic kibang behseh hohi khatvei sima simkhom adeisah louvu ahi. Tekahna a, poetry/poem khat isim chai le khat kisim pai hen lang hiti chun poetry/poem 10 (som) tobang khatvei touvin kisim chaile ingah got lang le achang cheh a kicheh tah a geldoh hahsa maithei ahitai. Amavang ni ham thum ham hoita in kisim henlang chejou le Biology ham khat gah kisim leh ingah got lang le poetry/poem 2/3 chu kichen tah a kihe nalai ding ahi. Hijeh a chu ithilsim/lekhasim subject or topic jong suhtoh (arrange) jep ngai in akiseiye.

Distributed/Spaced Learning :

Exam kona simding atam jeh a khatvei sima abona sim chai ding tihi simlai tampin ahabol khat ahi. Ahivanga hitobanga lekhasim dan hi memory store bolna dinga vang hahsa tah khat ahikitne. Ajeh chu khat vei hutna hetding thil (information) khujat pi chu het lutding kigo nah nah ahi. Hitia lekha kisim hi lungchin (memory) dinga vang phalou tah ahi. Hiche sanga lekhasim hi akikah hal’a (several sessions) chomkhat jou le break (kichol phat) ilah ji ji le hi thilpha ahije. Hita chu lekha isimle ithil sim ho sot pi pi akiching den’e tin hetna neihon akhuol doh uve. Hichun akomu chu ahile lekha hi exam kon seh seh a kino tah a simlou ding tina ahi (no cramming of information). Seingai louva akomu be chu ahile simlai khatnin lekha hi nom tah a kino lou hel’a asimjing ding (consistency) tina ahi. Khutile phat jong neng jel’a aneiding asimho jong ahetsot ding ahijenge.

Visual Imagery and other Mnemonics :

“Lim khat hi thucheng sangkhat kisei toh akibange’ tin ana kiseiji e. Chedung jui chun ithil sim ho chu ilungmitna lim (images) toh ikaimat (associate) theile geldoh/nungkou abaijepme akitin ahi. Hetbai lama chu, ithil sim khat chu ilungmitna image khat toh visualize/picturize bol ding tina ahi. Vetsahnan, gam le go kiemdan (deforestation) thu isim phat le ilungmitna mol/lhang thing le go chai vevu toh gah kikai mat tale, akisim ho chu amelchih baijin ching jong akiching sotne, tia kisei ahi. Abanle, key-word method kiti khat jong aum kitnin.Tekahnan, Spanish paova Vatot khu ‘Pato’ akitin, English a akilopi pen chu ‘Pot’ ahi. ‘Pot’ chu keyword ahitan ‘Vatot/Duck’ toh ilungmitna imeh beh jing le, Spanish paova Vatot min chu iseinom phat le hahsalou hela ‘Pot’ chu vetbeh a ‘Pato’ tijeng thei ahi.[3] Simlai khatnin lekhasim phat le page ijat ham khat asim sunga chu ‘main points/key words’ amelchih le adang tampi jong chu nungkou/geldoh abai jepme tihi japin apomkhat chu ahi.

Retrieval Cues :

Test/Exam khat dinga lekha isim le isimlai/isimpet a tahsa dinmun (physical state) tobanga chu imanchah nom phat (exam/test hall) a jong physical state kibahsah angaije tin akiseiye. Hiche hi state-dependent memory tin akihei. Ilungel noplai tah a lekha kisim khu igeldoh/inungkou nom phat le ilungel jong chu ana nop le geldoh abailame akiti kitne. Hitobang thil umdan chu mood-dependent memory tin akihe kitne. Ingaito le ahah toh vanga khuti hah behseh jong ahidehpoi. Ilunggel dinmun chu kipana thei/lhasetna thei gela khelmo ahipoi tin hiche state-dependent memory le mood-dependent memory a tahsanna neihon asei uve. Chuteng jongle ilekhasim petna retrieval cues (vetbeh pi/mehbehpi khat) ipehle/ikisiemle, nungkou (retrieval) langa apanpi e tin akiseiye.[4]

Shorthand Codes :

Planet 9 ho melchihna dinga technique jat chuom chuom akimang ji e. Cheho lah a akiha man pen loi chu first-letter-technique ahi. Hiche techinique a hi thuguol (phrase/sentence) khat kisema thucheng (word) jouse a letter (alphabet) masa pen pen chu ithil chin ding ho koudoh a kipan sah ahi. Hitobanga chu, “Mary’s Violet Eyes Makes John Stay Up Nights Pondering” kiti hin planet melchih ding ho (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune & Pluto) kitup tah a eisei lhah sah thei ahi. Thil items tamtah melchih ding mun ho a hiche technique hi manchah phatah ahi.

Become Interested In What You Are Learning :

Ithil sim khatna chu lunglutna (interest) inei le akiching sotne ti jong hi alhangpia kipom khat chu ahi. [5] Chuto lhona, hoi isah thil khat chu amin jong kihai beh beh ngailou ahi. Ilekhasim subject/topic a jong chu lunglutna inei le asim jong itha noma hejong kihe thei chin jong kiching sot ahi. Civil Services Exam a kiguong nom simlai ijat hamin eina ha doh pen khat chu ‘Optional a ipi hoipen ham/Hoi Optional khu scoring pen ham” tihi ahi. ‘Ahoichu ahoi jo a scoring jo umdeh hih inte. Na lunglut na pen pen natha nopna pen pen chu optional in kilah le chun phanan te’ tin kana donbut ji e. Ilunglutna khat chu akithemin akihe theiye tichu seilouva mijouse hetkhat ahi.

 

Achunga kipe hohi achamkim le alhingset ahipoi. Seilou le sutlou atamjo nalai ahi. Ipi hile, lungchin (memory) hoina dinga hi themkhat kiha boljep jong ngai ding dan ahi. ‘No Pain No Gain’ kiti chu lheh theilou pai thei lou thudih ahijing nalaiye.

References :

 
1. Psychology. July, 2002. [National Council of Educational Research and Training]
2. Psychology. Robert A. Baron. Fifth Edition (2008). Pearson-Prentice Hall.
3. Psychology. February 2006. [National Council of Educational Research and Training]
4. Introduction to Psychology. Ernest R Hilgard, Richard C Atkinson & Rita L Atkinson.
    Sixth Edition 1975. Oxford & IBH.
5. Psychology Today. ‘Happiness In This World’. Alex Lickerman. November 16,2009.